TOEFL Applicants whose native tongue and medium of university instruction is not in English should submit the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) or IELTS (International English Language Testing System) score as evidence of their proficiency in the English language. As such, only if the applicant meets both criteria, i.e. native tongue is not in English AND medium of university instruction is not in English, must they submit the TOEFL/IELTS. However, as some Departments/Programmes may be more stringent in their requirement, please check the website of the respective Department(s)/Programme(s) you are applying to or contact them directly if you are unsure. The following minimum TOEFL score is required: 85 for the internet-based test (with a minimum score of 22 for the writing section); or 580 for the paper-based test; or 237 for the computer-based test. Note that some Departments/Programmes may set higher requirements than those stated above. TOEFL and IELTS are only valid for two years after the test and the validity should not expire before the beginning of the application period for the research programme. The Educational Testing Service (ETS) has indicated that score reports are valid only if our University receives them directly from ETS. Applicants are strongly encouraged to send an electronic copy of their TOEFL/IELTS score report instead of a hardcopy. Please arrange to have your report sent to us at the appropriate address indicated at the testing organisation’s website. IELTS Applicants whose native tongue and medium of university instruction is not in English should submit the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) or IELTS (International English Language Testing System) score as evidence of their proficiency in the English language. As such, only if the applicant meets both criteria, i.e. native tongue is not in English AND medium of university instruction is not in English, must they submit the TOEFL/IELTS. However, as some Departments/Programmes may be more stringent in their requirement, please check the website of the respective Department(s)/Programme(s) you are applying to or contact them directly if you are unsure. The following minimum IELTS result of 6.0 is required. Note that some Departments/Programmes may set higher requirements than those stated above. TOEFL and IELTS are only valid for two years after the test and the validity should not expire before the beginning of the application period for the research programme. The Educational Testing Service (ETS) has indicated that score reports are valid only if our University receives them directly from ETS. Applicants are strongly encouraged to send an electronic copy of their TOEFL/IELTS score report instead of a hardcopy. Please arrange to have your report sent to us at the appropriate address indicated at the testing organisation’s website. GRE All applicants (except graduates from the National University of Singapore Nanyang Technological University and Singapore Management University) to the following Departments/Programme must submit the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) report: Cultural Studies in Asia Political Science Psychology Social Work The Departments/Programme have not instituted any minimum requirements but the General Test has to be taken. The GRE Board policy states that scores are reportable for five years and score reports are valid only if our University receives them directly from Educational Testing Service.